https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/ 2026-04-10T04:25:55+00:00 https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/ https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/lib/tpl/svenlafe/images/favicon.ico text/html 2006-09-22T16:07:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/science/cosmic_bullets?rev=1158934053&do=diff Cosmic bullets [A radio quasar]Something in space is hurling around particles with incredible force. Even the tiniest of these particles, so small that they are invisible to the human eye, can have the impact of a speeding bullet. Do they come from cosmic explosions? From black holes spitting out the remains of objects they sucked in? Are galactic collisions responsible? Answering these questions will improve our understanding of the universe. For now, however, the sources of these energetic pa… text/html 2006-09-22T16:16:33+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/science/digital_beam_forming?rev=1158934593&do=diff Digital Beam Forming In order to gain as much information as possible about a source with a telescope, there are two parameters that define the quality of an image. First of all, the collecting area should be as large as possible. For old-style telescopes, this means essentially: bigger is better. Secondly, the telescope diameter, or text/html 2006-09-22T16:24:45+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/science/lofar?rev=1158935085&do=diff LOFAR [The future location of LOFAR] LOFAR is a novel radio telescope under development for radio astronomy in the low frequency range. It will be built in the northern part of the Netherlands and the north-eastern part of Germany, with baselines up to 300 km. This will make it an extremely sensitive instrument, capable of looking all the way to the age of reionization. text/html 2006-09-22T16:09:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/science/observing_air_showers?rev=1158934153&do=diff Observing Air Showers There are different ways to observe air showers. Traditionally, one directly measures the shower products that make it all the way to the surface. These may be detected by using for example Particle detectors. In the case of KASCADE, the muons in the shower produce a short flash of light when they hit a slab of scintillator material. These flashes can be registered using photomultipliers. text/html 2007-05-03T15:52:19+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) https://www.astro.ru.nl/lopes/science/particle_counters?rev=1178200339&do=diff Particle detectors The picture below shows the inside of one of the KASCADE huts; they are the little white bungalows in the background picture on the top of this page. [:science:kascade-inside-hut.jpg] In the bottom of these huts, there is a slab made from a certain plastic, covered in black tape to keep ambient light out. When energetic particles traverse this